Gas Laws Virtual Lab
Investigate how pressure, volume and temperature are related using an interactive gas chamber.
Change volume while temperature remains fixed and observe pressure.
📚 Gas Laws
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
At constant temperature and fixed amount of gas, pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
At constant pressure and fixed amount of gas, volume is proportional to absolute temperature.
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
At constant volume and fixed amount of gas, pressure is proportional to absolute temperature.
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
Relates pressure, volume and absolute temperature for a fixed amount of ideal gas.
🎯 Aim
To investigate relationships between pressure, volume and absolute temperature for a fixed amount of gas using simplified ideal-gas models.
🧰 Virtual Apparatus
Gas cylinder, movable piston, pressure gauge, thermometer, gas particles and digital measurement controls.
⚛️ Particle Model
Gas particles move continuously and collide with one another and with the walls of their container.
Pressure results from the collective effect of particle collisions with the container walls.
↕️ Boyle’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
If volume decreases, the simplified model predicts an increase in pressure.
🌡️ Charles’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
The temperature must be expressed on an absolute temperature scale, normally kelvin.
📈 Gay-Lussac’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at constant volume:
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
Increasing absolute temperature increases pressure in the idealized constant-volume model.
🧪 Combined Gas Law
When pressure, volume and temperature all change for a fixed amount of ideal gas:
🎯 Prediction Challenge
A gas is kept at constant temperature. Its volume decreases from 4 L to 2 L. What happens to its pressure according to Boyle’s law?
📊 Observation Table
| Trial | Law | Pressure | Volume | Temperature | P × V | V/T | P/T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No observations recorded. | |||||||
📝 Procedure
- Select a gas law.
- Observe the initial pressure, volume and temperature.
- For Boyle’s law, change volume while temperature is fixed.
- For Charles’s law, change temperature and observe the modeled volume response.
- For Gay-Lussac’s law, change temperature while volume is fixed.
- Use Combined Gas Law to investigate simultaneous changes.
- Press Run Experiment.
- Observe the piston, thermometer, pressure gauge and gas particles.
- Record the result.
- Repeat with different conditions.
🎓 Quick Viva
1. What does Boyle’s law state?
For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
2. What remains constant in Boyle’s law?
Temperature and amount of gas.
3. What does Charles’s law relate?
It relates gas volume to absolute temperature at constant pressure for a fixed amount of gas.
4. Why is kelvin used?
Gas-law proportionalities involving temperature require an absolute temperature scale.
5. What remains constant in Gay-Lussac’s law?
Volume and amount of gas.
6. What causes gas pressure?
In the particle model, gas pressure results from particle collisions with container walls.
7. What happens to pressure if volume is halved at constant temperature?
In the ideal Boyle’s-law model, pressure doubles.
8. What is the combined gas law?
For a fixed amount of ideal gas, P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂.
9. What is an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a simplified theoretical model whose particles follow the ideal gas equation exactly.
10. Do real gases always behave ideally?
No. Real gases can deviate from ideal behavior, particularly under conditions such as high pressure or low temperature.
⚠️ Laboratory Safety
This is a virtual simulation. Real experiments involving compressed gases, heated containers or pressure vessels require appropriate laboratory equipment and qualified supervision.
✅ Result
The simulation demonstrates the idealized relationships among gas pressure, volume and absolute temperature described by Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law and the combined gas law.