Class 2 – Mathematics

OnlyGyaani โ€ข Class 2 Learning

Class 2 Mathematics

Build stronger mathematical skills through 30 lessons covering numbers to 1000, place value, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, geometry, measurement, time, money, pictographs and patterns.

๐Ÿ”ข Numbers & Place Value

1

Reading and Writing Numbers up to 1000

Numbers can be represented using numerals and number names. In Class 2, we extend our understanding from two-digit numbers to numbers up to 1000.

105 โ†’ one hundred five
248 โ†’ two hundred forty-eight
590 โ†’ five hundred ninety
999 โ†’ nine hundred ninety-nine
1000 โ†’ one thousand
Write in numerals:
Three hundred twenty-five = ______
Eight hundred four = ______
A three-digit number has hundreds, tens and ones places.
2

Number Names from 101 to 1000

Number names allow us to write numbers using words. Reading the place values carefully helps us say and write large numbers correctly.

101 โ€” one hundred one
125 โ€” one hundred twenty-five
306 โ€” three hundred six
470 โ€” four hundred seventy
725 โ€” seven hundred twenty-five
1000 โ€” one thousand
Write the number names:
215 = __________________
608 = __________________
999 = __________________
3

Understanding Hundreds, Tens and Ones

Place value tells us the value of a digit according to its position. A three-digit number can contain hundreds, tens and ones.

347

3 hundreds = 300
4 tens = 40
7 ones = 7

347 = 300 + 40 + 7
Write the place values in 526:
5 = ______
2 = ______
6 = ______
10 ones = 1 ten
10 tens = 1 hundred
4

Writing Numbers in Expanded Form

Expanded form shows the value of each digit separately.

456 = 400 + 50 + 6
782 = 700 + 80 + 2
305 = 300 + 5
640 = 600 + 40
Write in expanded form:
325 = __________________
709 = __________________
A zero in a place means there are no units of that place value.
5

Comparing Three-Digit Numbers

To compare three-digit numbers, begin with the hundreds digits. If they are equal, compare the tens, and then the ones.

456 > 321
245 < 289
567 = 567

For 472 and 459, both have 4 hundreds. Compare the tens: 7 tens > 5 tens, so 472 > 459.
Use >, < or =:
325 ___ 352
608 ___ 580
711 ___ 711
6

Ordering Three-Digit Numbers

Numbers can be arranged in ascending order from smallest to greatest, or descending order from greatest to smallest.

Numbers: 425, 312, 508, 267

Ascending: 267, 312, 425, 508
Descending: 508, 425, 312, 267
Arrange from smallest to greatest:
612, 199, 450, 305
7

Identifying Odd and Even Numbers

An even number can be divided into pairs with nothing left over. An odd number leaves one item without a partner when arranged in pairs.

Even: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
Odd: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

A whole number ending in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 is even. A whole number ending in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 is odd.

Odd or even?
27 = ______
48 = ______
103 = ______

โž• Addition

8

Two-Digit Addition Without Regrouping

When the ones add to less than 10, we can add two-digit numbers without regrouping.

23 + 14

Ones: 3 + 4 = 7
Tens: 2 + 1 = 3

23 + 14 = 37
32 + 25 = ___
41 + 16 = ___
53 + 24 = ___
9

Two-Digit Addition With Regrouping

If the ones add to 10 or more, we regroup 10 ones as 1 ten.

28 + 17

Ones: 8 + 7 = 15
15 = 1 ten + 5 ones
Write 5 ones and regroup 1 ten.

Tens: 2 + 1 + 1 = 4

28 + 17 = 45
27 + 18 = ___
36 + 29 = ___
Ten ones can be regrouped as one ten.

โž– Subtraction

10

Two-Digit Subtraction Without Regrouping

When each top digit is large enough to subtract the digit below it, we can subtract without regrouping.

58 โˆ’ 24

Ones: 8 โˆ’ 4 = 4
Tens: 5 โˆ’ 2 = 3

58 โˆ’ 24 = 34
76 โˆ’ 35 = ___
49 โˆ’ 27 = ___
11

Two-Digit Subtraction With Regrouping

If there are not enough ones to subtract, we can regroup one ten as ten ones.

52 โˆ’ 28

Regroup 1 ten from 5 tens.
52 becomes 4 tens and 12 ones.

12 โˆ’ 8 = 4
4 โˆ’ 2 = 2

52 โˆ’ 28 = 24
43 โˆ’ 17 = ___
61 โˆ’ 36 = ___
12

Solving Mixed Addition and Subtraction Problems

Mixed problems require us to decide whether addition or subtraction is needed.

Riya has 24 stickers and receives 15 more.
24 + 15 = 39

Aman has 42 marbles and gives away 17.
42 โˆ’ 17 = 25
There are 35 children on a bus. At the next stop, 12 children get off. How many remain?
Understand the situation first. Do not choose an operation only because of one keyword.

โœ–๏ธ Multiplication & Division

13

Understanding Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Multiplication is a quick way to add equal groups.

3 groups of 4:

4 + 4 + 4 = 12
3 ร— 4 = 12
5 groups of 2:
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
5 ร— 2 = 10
Write as multiplication:
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = ______
Multiplication represents equal groups.
14

Learning Multiplication Tables from 2 to 5

Multiplication tables help us calculate equal groups quickly.

Table of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10…
Table of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15…
Table of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20…
Table of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25…
2 ร— 6 = ___
3 ร— 4 = ___
4 ร— 5 = ___
5 ร— 7 = ___
15

Understanding Division as Equal Sharing

Division can be understood as sharing a quantity equally among groups.

There are 12 apples shared equally among 3 children.

Each child receives 4 apples.

12 รท 3 = 4
Share 10 pencils equally between 2 children.
How many pencils does each child receive?
Equal sharing means every group receives the same number.

๐Ÿ• Fractions & Geometry

16

Finding Halves, Thirds and Quarters

Fractions describe equal parts of a whole.

Half (1/2): 1 of 2 equal parts
Third (1/3): 1 of 3 equal parts
Quarter (1/4): 1 of 4 equal parts
If a pizza is divided equally into 4 pieces, what fraction is one piece?
The parts must be equal for them to represent equal fractions of the whole.
17

Identifying Straight and Curved Lines

Lines can have different forms. At this level, we compare straight and curved lines.

Straight: โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€

Curved: โˆฟโˆฟโˆฟโˆฟโˆฟ

The edge of a ruler is straight. The outline of a circle is curved.

Look around your room and find one object with a straight edge and one with a curved edge.
18

Exploring Sides and Corners of Shapes

Many 2D shapes can be described by counting their straight sides and corners, also called vertices.

Triangle: 3 sides, 3 corners
Square: 4 sides, 4 corners
Rectangle: 4 sides, 4 corners
How many sides and corners does a triangle have?
How many sides does a square have?
19

Building Growing and Repeating Patterns

A repeating pattern repeats the same rule. A growing pattern changes by increasing according to a rule.

Repeating:
๐Ÿ”ด ๐Ÿ”ต ๐Ÿ”ด ๐Ÿ”ต ๐Ÿ”ด ๐Ÿ”ต

Growing:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10…
Continue:
โ–ฒ โ— โ–ฒ โ— ___ ___
3, 6, 9, 12, ___, ___
Ask: What rule is the pattern following?

๐Ÿ“ Measurement

20

Measuring Length Using Standard Units

Length tells us how long, short, tall or far something is. Standard units allow people to measure in the same way.

Centimetre (cm) โ€” useful for smaller lengths
Metre (m) โ€” useful for larger lengths
A pencil might be measured in centimetres.
The length of a classroom might be measured in metres.
Choose cm or m:
Length of an eraser โ†’ ___
Length of a classroom โ†’ ___
21

Measuring Weight Using Kilograms

Kilograms are used to measure the mass of many everyday objects. The abbreviation for kilogram is kg.

A bag of rice may weigh 5 kg.
A watermelon may weigh a few kilograms.
Which is more reasonable?
A large bag of rice: 5 kg or 5 m?
kg is a unit of mass, not length.
22

Measuring Liquid Capacity Using Litres

A litre is a standard unit used for measuring the capacity of many containers and quantities of liquid. Its symbol is L.

A large bottle may hold 1 L of water.
A bucket may hold several litres.
Which unit fits better?
A bottle of water โ†’ litre or kilogram?
Litres measure capacity. Kilograms measure mass.

๐Ÿ• Time & Calendar

23

Reading Time to Half-Hour

A clock can show exact hours and half-hours. One hour contains 60 minutes, so half an hour is 30 minutes.

3:00 โ†’ three o’clock
3:30 โ†’ half past three
7:30 โ†’ half past seven

At half past an hour, the minute hand points to 6.

What time is half an hour after 4:00?
What does 8:30 mean?
24

Using a Calendar to Find Dates

A calendar organises days into weeks and months. It helps us identify dates and plan events.

If the 5th of a month is Monday:
6th โ†’ Tuesday
7th โ†’ Wednesday
8th โ†’ Thursday
Use a calendar and find:
Today’s date
The date one week from today
The day of the week on the last date of this month
Seven days make one week.

๐Ÿ’ฐ Money & Data

25

Counting and Comparing Money

We can add the values of coins and notes to find a total amount, then compare two amounts.

โ‚น10 + โ‚น5 + โ‚น2 = โ‚น17

โ‚น20 is greater than โ‚น15.
โ‚น8 is less than โ‚น12.
Find the total:
โ‚น10 + โ‚น10 + โ‚น5 = โ‚น___

Which is greater: โ‚น35 or โ‚น28?
26

Making Amounts Using Coins and Notes

The same amount of money can often be made in different ways.

โ‚น20 can be made as:
โ‚น10 + โ‚น10
โ‚น10 + โ‚น5 + โ‚น5
โ‚น5 + โ‚น5 + โ‚น5 + โ‚น5
Find two different ways to make โ‚น50.
Different combinations can have the same total value.
27

Reading and Creating Simple Pictographs

A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data. A key tells us how much each symbol represents.

Favourite Fruits
Key: โ˜… = 2 students

Apple: โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…
Banana: โ˜…โ˜…
Mango: โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…

Apple = 6 students
Banana = 4 students
Mango = 8 students
Using the pictograph above:
1. Which fruit is most popular?
2. How many students chose bananas?
3. How many more chose mangoes than apples?
Always read the pictograph key before counting the symbols.

๐Ÿš€ Patterns, Groups & Problem Solving

28

Skip Counting by 3s, 4s and 5s

Skip counting means adding the same number repeatedly as we count. It helps prepare us for multiplication.

By 3s:
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21…

By 4s:
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28…

By 5s:
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35…
3, 6, 9, ___, ___
4, 8, 12, ___, ___
5, 10, 15, ___, ___
29

Introduction to Equal Groups

Equal groups contain the same number of objects in every group. Understanding equal groups builds the foundation for multiplication and division.

๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ   ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ   ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ

There are 3 equal groups.
Each group contains 3 apples.
There are 9 apples altogether.

3 + 3 + 3 = 9
3 ร— 3 = 9
Draw 4 groups with 2 circles in each group.
How many circles are there altogether?
Equal groups must contain the same number of items in each group.
30

Solving Everyday Measurement Problems

Measurement helps us solve real-life problems involving length, mass and capacity. First identify what is being measured and then choose a suitable unit.

Length:
A ribbon is 35 cm long. Another ribbon is 20 cm long.
35 + 20 = 55 cm

Mass:
One bag weighs 3 kg and another weighs 2 kg.
3 + 2 = 5 kg

Capacity:
A container has 6 L of water. Two litres are used.
6 โˆ’ 2 = 4 L
1. A rope is 40 cm long. Another is 25 cm long. What is their total length?

2. A container holds 8 L of water. Three litres are used. How much remains?

3. One bag weighs 4 kg and another weighs 3 kg. What is their total mass?
Always include the correct measurement unit in your final answer.

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