Class 1 – English

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Class 1 English

Learn English step by step with 30 easy and interesting topics. Explore letters, sounds, words, grammar, sentences, reading and beginning writing through simple explanations and examples.

1. English Alphabet 2. Uppercase & Lowercase 3. Vowels & Consonants 4. Alphabetical Order 5. Phonic Sounds 6. First Sound 7. Last Sound 8. Two-Letter Words 9. CVC Words 10. Rhyming Words 11. Naming Words 12. People, Places, Animals & Things 13. One & Many 14. A & An 15. This & That 16. These & Those 17. He, She & It 18. I, You, We & They 19. Action Words 20. Describing Words 21. Opposite Words 22. Similar Meanings 23. Position Words 24. Joining with And 25. Complete Sentences 26. Capital Letters 27. Sentence Marks 28. Reading Sentences 29. Picture Stories 30. About Myself

🔤 Letters and Sounds

1

Learning the English Alphabet A–Z

The English alphabet has 26 letters. We use these letters to make words, sentences and stories.

The alphabet begins with A and ends with Z.

The Alphabet

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Examples:
A for Apple
B for Ball
C for Cat
D for Dog
Try It: Say the alphabet from A to Z. Now try writing the letters in your notebook.
Remember: There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
2

Matching Uppercase and Lowercase Letters

Every letter of the English alphabet can be written in an uppercase form and a lowercase form.

Uppercase letters are also called capital letters.

Examples:
A → a
B → b
C → c
D → d
M → m
T → t

We often use an uppercase letter at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of names.

Match Them:
A → a
G → g
P → p
R → r
Capital and small letters may look different, but they represent the same alphabet letter.
3

Discovering Vowels and Consonants

The English alphabet contains two main groups of letters: vowels and consonants.

The Five Vowel Letters

A E I O U

The other alphabet letters are called consonants.

Examples:
Apple begins with A.
Egg begins with E.
Ink begins with I.
Orange begins with O.
Umbrella begins with U.
Find the vowel letters in these words: cat, hen, pig, dog, sun.
A, E, I, O and U are the five main vowel letters.
4

Putting Letters in Alphabetical Order

Alphabetical order means arranging letters or words according to the order of the alphabet.

Correct order:
A, B, C, D, E

Words can also be arranged by looking at their first letters.

apple, ball, cat, dog
Put these words in alphabetical order: fish, apple, dog, ball.
Look at the first letter when arranging simple words alphabetically.
5

Recognising Basic Phonic Sounds

Phonics helps us connect letters with the sounds we hear in spoken words. Learning these sound-letter connections can help us begin reading unfamiliar words.

Examples:
b — ball
m — moon
s — sun
t — top
f — fish

Say each word slowly and listen to its beginning sound.

Which letter represents the first sound in sun?
Answer: s
Listen to the sound and connect it with the letter that commonly represents it.
6

Finding the First Sound in a Word

The first sound is the sound we hear at the beginning of a spoken word.

ball begins with /b/.
sun begins with /s/.
fish begins with /f/.
moon begins with /m/.
Say these words aloud and identify their first sounds: dog, cat, van, pen.
Say the word slowly. Listen carefully to the sound you hear first.
7

Finding the Last Sound in a Word

The last sound is the sound heard at the end of a spoken word.

cat ends with /t/.
dog ends with /g/.
sun ends with /n/.
cup ends with /p/.
Say these words slowly: map, hen, bus, red.
What sound do you hear at the end of each word?
Stretch the word slowly and listen to its final sound.

📖 Building Words

8

Building Two-Letter Words

Some English words contain only two letters. Learning common two-letter words helps children begin reading simple sentences.

am an as at in is it on up us
Read aloud:
I am Sam.
It is on the mat.
Look at me.
Read short words slowly and then practise reading them smoothly.
9

Building Three-Letter CVC Words

A CVC word has a consonant + vowel + consonant pattern. Many early reading words follow this pattern.

c + a + t = cat
d + o + g = dog
p + e + n = pen
s + u + n = sun

More CVC Words

bat hen pig top cup

Blend the sounds: m + a + p = ?
CVC means consonant-vowel-consonant.
10

Finding Words That Rhyme

Rhyming words have the same or similar ending sounds.

cat — hat
sun — fun
log — dog
hen — pen
light — night
Which word rhymes with cat?
dog   |   hat   |   sun
Rhyming depends on how words sound, not simply on how they are spelled.

🧩 Grammar Basics

11

Identifying Naming Words

A naming word names a person, place, animal or thing. These words are called nouns.

teacher — person
park — place
dog — animal
book — thing
Find the naming words:
The boy has a ball.
If a word names someone or something, it may be a naming word.
12

Naming People, Places, Animals and Things

Naming words can be placed into useful groups.

People

girl, doctor, teacher, farmer

Places

school, park, home, market

Animals

cat, lion, horse, rabbit

Things

table, pencil, toy, bag

Put these into the correct groups: doctor, zoo, tiger, chair.
13

Changing One into Many

A word naming one person, animal, place or thing is singular. A word naming more than one is plural.

cat → cats
book → books
pen → pens
ball → balls

Many simple words become plural by adding s, although English also has other plural patterns that children will learn gradually.

Make these words mean more than one: dog, cup, toy.
One = singular. More than one = plural.
14

Choosing Between A and An

We commonly use a before a consonant sound and an before a vowel sound.

a cat
a ball
a dog
an apple
an egg
an orange
Choose a or an:
___ umbrella
___ pen
___ elephant
Listen to the beginning sound of the next word when choosing between a and an.
15

Using This and That Correctly

This and that can be used when talking about one person, animal or thing.

This commonly points to something near us.

That commonly points to something farther away.

This is my pencil.
That is a tree.
Hold a book near you and say: This is a book.
16

Using These and Those Correctly

These and those are commonly used for more than one person, animal or thing.

These refers to things near us.

Those refers to things farther away.

These are my books.
Those are birds.
This/that → one.
These/those → more than one.
17

Choosing He, She or It

Pronouns are words we can use in place of naming words.

He is my brother.
She is my sister.
It is a ball.
Choose the correct word:
Ravi is a boy. ___ is playing.
The box is red. ___ is big.
He and she can refer to people. It is commonly used for things and many animals when their sex is not being specified.
18

Using I, You, We and They

These pronouns help us talk about ourselves and other people.

I am reading.
You are my friend.
We are students.
They are playing.
Complete the sentence:
Riya and I are friends. ___ play together.
Use I when speaking about yourself.
19

Recognising Everyday Action Words

Action words tell us what someone or something does. They are called verbs.

run
jump
eat
read
write
sing
play
sleep

The boy runs.
The action word is runs.

Find the action word:
The girl sings.
20

Adding Simple Describing Words

Describing words tell us more about a person, animal, place or thing. They are called adjectives.

a red ball
a big elephant
a sweet mango
a happy child
Add a describing word:
a ______ flower
a ______ dog
Describing words make our sentences more informative and interesting.
21

Matching Basic Opposite Words

Opposite words have very different or opposite meanings.

big ↔ small
hot ↔ cold
up ↔ down
happy ↔ sad
fast ↔ slow
day ↔ night
Write the opposite:
tall → ______
open → ______
22

Learning Words with Similar Meanings

Some words have the same or nearly the same meaning. Such words are often called synonyms.

happy — glad
big — large
small — little
fast — quick
Which word has a similar meaning to big?
large   |   tiny   |   slow
Words with similar meanings do not always fit exactly the same way in every sentence, but simple pairs are useful for building vocabulary.
23

Understanding In, On, Under and Behind

These position words help us explain where something is.

The toy is in the box.
The book is on the table.
The cat is under the chair.
The boy is behind the door.
Put a pencil on a book and say: The pencil is on the book.
Position words help us describe location.
24

Joining Ideas with And

The word and can join words or related ideas together.

Riya and Aman are friends.
I have a pencil and an eraser.
The cat is small and soft.
Join the ideas:
I have a book. I have a pencil.

I have a book and a pencil.
And helps connect words and ideas.

✏️ Sentences, Reading and Writing

25

Building Your First Complete Sentence

A sentence is a group of words that gives a complete thought.

I like apples.
The dog runs.
She has a doll.
We play outside.

A simple sentence often tells us who or what and what happens.

Arrange the words:
playing / is / Riya

Answer: Riya is playing.
A complete sentence should make sense.
26

Starting Sentences with Capital Letters

We begin a sentence with a capital letter. Names of particular people and places also begin with capital letters.

The cat is sleeping.
Riya has a book.
I live in India.
Correct this sentence:
the boy is running.

Answer: The boy is running.
Always check the first letter when you finish writing a sentence.
27

Ending Sentences with Correct Marks

Punctuation marks help readers understand sentences.

Full Stop (.)

Used at the end of many telling sentences.

I have a red bag.

Question Mark (?)

Used after a direct question.

What is your name?

Exclamation Mark (!)

Can show strong feeling or excitement.

What a beautiful rainbow!

Choose the correct mark:
Where is my pencil __
28

Reading Short English Sentences

When reading a sentence, look carefully at each word, use the letter sounds you know and think about the meaning of the whole sentence.

The cat is on the mat.
I have a blue bag.
We like to play.
She has a red hat.
The sun is hot.

Good Reading Habits

  • Look at the words carefully.
  • Try to blend unfamiliar simple words.
  • Read from left to right.
  • Notice punctuation.
  • Think about what the sentence means.
Read aloud:
The dog can run.
29

Understanding a Story Through Pictures

Pictures can give us clues about a story. We can look at the characters, place, objects and actions to understand what may be happening.

Ask Yourself

  • Who can I see?
  • Where are they?
  • What are they doing?
  • How might they feel?
  • What might happen next?
If a picture shows a child holding an umbrella under dark clouds, we might predict that it is raining or may rain soon.
Choose a picture from a storybook and describe what you can see in two simple sentences.
Pictures provide clues, but read the words too when they are available.
30

Writing Five Sentences About Myself

We can use simple sentences to introduce ourselves. Start each sentence with a capital letter and finish it with the correct punctuation mark.

Myself Example

1. My name is Riya.
2. I am six years old.
3. I study in Class 1.
4. I like drawing.
5. I love my family.

Now Write About Yourself

1. My name is ____________.
2. I am ____________ years old.
3. I study in ____________.
4. I like ____________.
5. My favourite ____________ is ____________.
Your sentences should begin with capital letters and end with suitable punctuation marks.

🎓 Class 1 English Complete

You have explored 30 English topics covering letters, phonics, vocabulary, grammar, sentences, reading and beginning writing.

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